Short Story My Favorite Cartoon - 1684 Words

The Television and I Since I was born in 1995 and the only entertainment we have in the house was the television. But at that time especially in a country like Egypt we did not have a lot of channels, we only had two. Of course for a little girl all I wanted was cartoon channel but unfortunately the cartoon time was only 45 minutes a day unless there is a soccer game then the cartoon gets canceled. During my favorite time of the day I use to watch Sesame Street for 15 minutes then the 30 minutes left for cartoon like the Detective Conan. Detective Conan for me was my favorite cartoon because it is about cases of murder or kidnaping and Conan is trying to know who is supposed to go to jail. But sadly he cannot solve his own problem, the problem was that he was amazing detective called Shinchi Kudo then there were an organization called the black organization and they tried to poison Shinchi but instead they made him transform into a little boy and he called himself Conan. This televis ion show has been on for more than ten years, it is so popular all around the world, and it is translated into many languages there is Chinese, American, French, Germany, and Arabic and that is a few languages that I know it translated in to. Also, this show has about ten seasons and about 1000 episodes and still Conan cannot find the people who transformed him. Until I came to the united states I was still watching Conan and other Egyptian series, but these series were full of drama. OthersShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Donut801 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech History of the Donut Specific Purpose My specific purpose is to inform my audience about the history of the donut, how it got its hole, and its comeback in today’s society. Desired Outcomes I want my audience to: * Know how the donut originated. * Know how the donut got its hole in the center. * Know how the donut gains its comeback in today’s society. 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Disney brought comfort to the United States post WWII and has been a staple in households across America for children everywhere. It is not uncommon for people to reminiscence about their childhood when thinking about Disney shows or movies. So, how did a little cartoon studio ge t so well known? The era of when the studio was created may be one of the advantagesRead MoreAnalysis : The Zodiac Sign Is Aries 1513 Words   |  7 Pagesdream, but will it come true? Or will it just be a dream? Nobody knows, nobody will ever know. What if you have it within you? What if you are born with it? What would you do?† Vanice Esperanza is a regular 18-year-old young woman from Miami. Her favorite color is purple and loves RB music. (Warning, please don’t make the mistake of giving or showing her pickles because she will fight you!) Since the 3rd grade she played the violin, and in high school she played the xylophone and two sports. 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Is Abu Ghraib How Good People Turn Evil - 945 Words

Social Psychology Week 8 For this week’s discussion I was given, Genocide to Abu Ghraib: How good people turn evil. Abu Ghraib prison was a US Army detention center for captured Iraqis from 2003 to 2006. An investigation into the treatment of detainees at the prison was started by the unearthing of graphic photos showing guards abusing detainees in 2003. According to Fiske et al., (2010), aggression is generally defined as any behavior that is intended to harm another person who does not want to be harmed; it is an external behavior that can’t be seen, that isn’t thought in someone’s mind and is a social behavior (p.833). In 2007, Zimbardo published The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil, a book based on the Stanford Prison†¦show more content†¦24). The report also faults multiple leaders for failing to conduct needed training after deployment (Taguba, 2004, p. 24). 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Psychological Development: Bartone (2008), suggested that Kegan (2004) third-order of consciousness could explain from a developmental perspective, how Soldiers in the Abu Ghraib situation could have tolerated and participated in prisoner abuse. In Dr. Kegan s work, he outlines Five Orders of Consciousness: First Order:Show MoreRelatedWhat Brings Out The Worst Of Good People?911 Words   |  4 PagesWhat brings out the worst in good people? In 2007, Zimbardo wrote a book called â€Å"The Lucifer Effect† which discusses the underlying factors that make good people turn evil (Zimbardo, 2007). The â€Å"Lucifer Effect† refers to God’s angel who had fallen, turned against God only to become Satan. The book itself, is Zimbardo’s detailed account of the Stanford Prison Experiment and its importance to the abuses in the Abu Ghraib prison by American soldiers. 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Zimbardo explains how the violent gang takeover of his neighborhood had initiated his an interest to delve deeper into these â€Å"situational upheavals† (The Journey From The Bronx to Stanford to Abu Ghraib, 2008). Evidently, it was during the early years in Zimbardo’s life that the foundations of his psychological interest began. His interest in aggression and violence seemed from the question of â€Å"how ‘good’ people are seduced or induced to engage in violent, or ‘evil’ deeds by situational forces†Read MoreThe Legacy Of Ford s Policies1682 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans with a sense of control over their destinies and hopes for new possibilities. (Colt, 2013). Automobile industrialization, in turn, fueled other industries, such as oil, rubber, and steel, and it spurred construction of roads and roadside hospitality developments. (Colt, 2013). Once a conglomeration of small, rural towns, America became cities concentrated with people and manufacturing developments, and its previously rural values turned into urban ones. (Colt, 2013). The strong capitalist resultRead MorePhilip Zimbardo s The Lucifer Effect On Understanding How Good People Turn Evil 1593 Words   |  7 PagesPhilip Zimbardo is one of the greatest American psychologist’s of our time. Zimbardo is an extremely intelligent psychologist with many accomplishments. He has spent most of his life committed to researching how and why people’s behavior change in situations, unexpectedly. For example, a good person committing a bad crime. Zimbardo’s research has brought a lot of knowledge to the study of psychology. His work has helped me to better understand the reasoning behind people’s behaviors and actions

Shakespeares Hamlet Observations of Madness Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares Hamlet Observations of Madness Essay Hamlet: Observations of Madness One of the most analyzed plays in existence is the tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: Is Hamlet’s antic disposition feigned or real? In truth, this question can only be answered by observing the thoughts of the main characters in relation to the cause of Hamlet real or feigned madness. In the tragedy Hamlet, each of the main characters explains Hamlets madness in their own unique way. To discover the cause behind the madness of Hamlet, each character used their own ambitions, emotions and interpretations of past events. Characters tried to explain Hamlets antic disposition by means of association to thwarted ambition, heartbreaking anguish, and denied love. In the workings of their thoughts, the characters inadvertently reveal something about their own desires, emotions and experiences to the reader. The thoughts of Guildenstern and Rosencrantz present the reader with one possible factor for the cause of Hamlets supposed madness. The two men believe that the cause for Hamlets madness is his lack of â€Å"advancement† or thwarted ambition. In a conversation with Hamlet in Act II scene II, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz come upon this idea: Hamlet: Denmarks a prison. Rosencrantz: Then is the world one. Hamlet: A goodly one; in which there are many confines, wards and dungeons, Denmark being one o the worst. Rosencrantz: We think not so, my lord. Hamlet: Why, then, tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison. When the heir apparent calls his heritage a prison, something must be seriously wrong, and it is not difficult for th. .rman N. Holland, Sidney Homan and Bernard J. Paris. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 175-190. Leverenz, David. 1980. The Woman in Hamlet: An Interpersonal View. In Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays, edited by Coppelia Kahn and Murray M. Schwarz. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 110-128. Levin, Richard. 1990. The Poetics and Politics of Bardicide. PMLA 105: 491-504. Vickers, Brian. 1993. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Watson, Robert N. 1990. Giving up the Ghost in a World of Decay: Hamlet, Revenge and Denial. Renaissance Drama 21:199-223. Wright, George T. 1981. Hendiadys and Hamlet. PMLA 96:168-193. Shakespeare, William. The Tradegy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark. New York: Washington Square Press, 1992

Legalition Ofcanabis free essay sample

People are still going to sell it to the people that smoke it without the law enforcement knowing. Marijuana should be legalized because there really is not a good reason why it is not legal or shouldnt be. At the same time society has their own opinion about it, but people deserve the right to make their own decisions. Marijuana is not a harmful substance, so the effects of legalizing it would be minimal. We all know that marijuana is highly expensive. The United States is paying for the people who fight in the war to get drugs that makes prices high.Also the process of presenting drug dealers so now they have to pay for food, housing, health care, attorney fees, and court costs Just to have these people behind bars. Just think about how much money the government could save if marijuana was legal. We would have a lot more money to spend on important things such as lowering tax rates, gas prices, an a lot of these homes thats becoming abandoned and fixing things such as pot holes, roads if it was legal. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalition Ofcanabis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand people who think it should be legalized because it would lower the theft rate. It also could be used to help cancer patients even reduce deaths, gangs, shooting, and a lot of violence on the street. Police officers, the courts would be available for more serious crimes such as murders, rapists. More Jobs would be open because people wouldnt have to take a drug test to work so it would be no point for a drug test. People going to Jail for a drug bust tend to be lifelong criminals. What a lot of people fail to realize is that the marijuana plant is hemp not used for smoking but to create products such as paper, fabric, and plastic.The seeds can be used for food and the oil in the seed has been used as a cheap source of fuel. According to the Marijuana Legalization Organization article The flowers have been used for medical reasons for a very long time to help with chemo therapy and people diagnosed with AIDS www. Mangle. Org Marijuana has not been contributed to a single death even though it has been used for so many years. It is not a drug that is harmful it does not kill brain cells like people always say and it is not physically addicting. It is a calming drug unlike the other hard drugs and those causes health issues.Come to think about it marijuana is a plant so why is it being called a drug? Just because it can make a person high or anything else it does, does not make it a drug. Also cigarettes are legal but can kill you or even give a person lung cancer, even cause them to have a hole in their throat as seen in many commercials. Alcohol is also legal but makes people do crazy things turn into a monster and hurts the inside of their body like liver problems later on in the future or down the line. It should be legalized because it would be valuable agricultural ropes for the United State.They are using our tax money to arrest the drug dealers. So there is nothing wrong with making marijuana legal because people already smoke and sale it on are streets the worst thing that happens to them is that they go to Jail for 24 or 48 hours and then they are right back out on are streets doing the same thing they were doing to get them there in the first place. We are not talking about making a hard drug substance legal like cocaine, heroin, meet, does are the drugs that really shouldnt be on are street because people become addicted to hem, also breaks up homes, even kill people, makes people go crazy.These are things that marijuana does not do to the people that smoke it, it makes them very claim and put them in a very happy place or make them think that they are very hungry. A lot of individuals can be against marijuana becoming legal because it often leads people to harder drugs. Al so it can be at a very high risk to fall into the hands of children. If a lot of people seen movies dealing with marijuana it is understandable why they might think it shouldnt be legal because movies give off a ad image of marijuana.The law enforcement Jobs would be a lot easier if marijuana was legal because they would have a lot more time to deal with life threatening situations. Making marijuana legal would really save the United Sates a lot of money as mention in the previous page about how we have to pay to arrest them we also have to pay for their car to be impounded if they was caught in a car with the marijuana on them plus getting it towed to the police station then we pay for them to get there things make if they stay in Jail a good amount of time.Lets say that they did 3 years in Jail for a marijuana charge and it was a big case so the person had a bond or stayed in Jail till their trial k so now the person family has the bond many and if that person beat the case then the police have to give that person back their money. Instead of makin g the Jobs a little easier on them and making marijuana legal and save a lot more money so that we can deal with street problems, even schools.Just take the time and sit back and pay attention to the problems around your community and the streets in your community. If the United States would make the marijuana legal we wouldnt have all these problems. A lot of people might say that marijuana is the reason that the communities are so bad and they are part right marijuana but the truth is gangs and violence are the main problems not marijuana.If marijuana was legal gangs wouldnt have to fight or kill each other they wouldnt even have to carry a gun or weapon because it wouldnt a purpose to do so. Marijuana was not such a big deal the police and FBI would be able to focus on gun violence, gang lenience, I even think that there would be a lot more time to focus on murder cases that have been unsolved for years because at some point in time those victims family need closure and Justice so that they could move forward with their life without thinking is this the person who killed that person.Marijuana being legal plays such a big part in the society today because a lot of people are becoming ill and some of them have a doctors order to smoke marijuana but are afraid to go out and buy it because they know if the police caught them with it on them they could be facing errors Jail time depending on how much they have on them. Some people might say that it shouldnt be legal because it can give the person smoking it can experience a faster heartbeat and pulse rate, bloodshot eyes and dry mouth and throat it is also said that this drug can effect and impair the smokers memory.I dont smoke but the people that I know that do smoke marijuana dont have none of these problems with smoking they are the same person before they elite the marijuana. Most of the police officers and FBI agents smoke marijuana so some of them would not care if it was gal or illegal because they can get their hands on it because it is always their word over a citizens and no ones going to tell on a police who supposed to keep them safe.

America discovery essays

America discovery essays The discovery of the Americas was originally and accident. It was thought that the new world was the Eastern Indies, which is why Native Americans are called Indians. Even though Columbus set out to find a new route to the Indies to find riches, the later colonies werent necessarily looking to get rich. The biggest motivation for founding the English colonies was for religious freedom. The Roman Catholics took the journey because protestant Englands persecution, some separatists Christians sailed to keep their religion pure, and the protestant Germans fled due to oppression in the mother country. Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore, who belonged to a prominent English Catholic family, though he set Maryland up partially for a profit, he also set it up as a refuge for his fellow Catholics because the Protestant England was still persecuting Catholics. One of the numerous discriminations was that a couple could not be legally married by a Catholic priest. After arriving in Maryland tension between the Catholics and Protestants grew, forcing the Catholics to throw up their support for the Act of Toleration for all Christians. King Henry VIII broke his ties with the Roman Catholic church, and proclaimed himself the head of the church of England, his actions made some religious reformers undertake a total purification of Christianity, as they took the name Puritans. Puritans grew unhappy with the slow progress of the protestant reformation in England, so a small group vowed to break away entirely from the church of England, they became known as separatists. King James thought that if his subjects thought they could defy him as a spiritual leader, they would soon defy him as their political leader as well, so he chased them out of his land. With no place to go the separatist fled to Holland, but didnt like the Dutchification of their children that followe...

Consejos para casarse como turista en Estados Unidos

Consejos para casarse como turista en Estados Unidos Si est en Estados Unidos como turista y est considerando la posibilidad de casarse y le asaltan las dudas sobre si puede hacerlo, la respuesta es que sà ­, es posible casarse con una visa de turista en Estados Unidos. Otra cosa muy distinta es poder quedarse legalmente en el paà ­s y conseguir la tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio. Si esto es lo que se pretende, es altamente recomendable leer con mxima atencià ³n este artà ­culo y evitar errores que pueden costar muy caro. En este artà ­culo se explica cules pueden ser los problemas para los extranjeros que entran a Estados Unidos con una visa de turista y se casan con un ciudadano americano. Asimismo, se hace referencia a las opciones legales para evitar problemas.  ¿Quià ©nes son turistas desde el punto de vista migratorio? Esta pregunta puede parecer una tonterà ­a, pero no lo es. Son turistas los que entraron con esa visa, pero tambià ©n  los espaà ±oles y los chilenos que viajan a Estados Unidos como turistas y sin visa, por formar parte del grupo de paà ­ses para los que rige el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados. En estos casos espaà ±oles y chilenos, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, solamente  tienen una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica que se conoce como ESTA que les permite estar en el paà ­s por un mximo de 90 dà ­as, que jams se pueden extender.   Tanto los turistas con visa como los que sà ³lo tienen la ESTA pueden casarse en Estados Unidos.   Otra cosa distinta es que el matrimonio, à ºnicamente por sà ­ mismo, produzca efectos migratorios. Requerimientos civiles  para casarse y que el matrimonio tenga efectos migratorios Hay que cumplir con los requisitos del estado o, en su caso, el condado o municipalidad  en el que se celebra el matrimonio.   Destacar que en todos los estados de Estados Unidos asà ­ como en los territorios que componen la Commonwealth -como por ejemplo Puerto Rico-  es legal el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. Por otra parte, en ninguno est permitido la bigamia, es decir, estar casado al mismo tiempo con ms de una persona. Asuntos y precauciones migratorias que deben tenerse en cuenta En teorà ­a, cuando un extranjero que est en Estados Unidos como turista y un ciudadano estadounidense contraen matrimonio, el cà ³nyuge extranjero deberà ­a salir del paà ­s antes de que expire su autorizacià ³n para quedarse legalmente. A continuacià ³n, si asà ­ lo desean, el ciudadano pedirà ­a a su cà ³nyuge mediante un procedimiento consular y mientras esperar fuera de los Estados Unidos a que llegue el  momento de la entrevista en el consulado y se obtenga la visa de inmigrante. Pero lo cierto es que en la prctica en muchos casos eso no ocurre asà ­ y el cà ³nyuge extranjero decide quedarse en los Estados Unidos mientras se tramita los papeles. Para evitar problemas migratorios muy serios es aconsejable tener en cuenta la siguiente informacià ³n: Primero: evitar problemas relacionados con la intencià ³n, o lo que en inglà ©s se conoce como intent.   Cuando persona que entra en Estados Unidos como turista debe tener necesariamente esa intencià ³n: pasear por el paà ­s y antes de que se le acabe la visa o el periodo de estancia legal debe regresar a su paà ­s. Y nunca debe ingresar al paà ­s con la intencià ³n de contraer matrimonio. Cosa muy distinta y que puede admitirse es que dos personas decidan en un instante casarse. Es decir, que cuando el extranjero llegà ³ a USA no tenà ­a esa idea pero el amor a veces es impulsivo y se puede cambiar de opinià ³n. Pero,  ¿cà ³mo evitar problemas y estar en condicià ³n de poder demostrar que la intencià ³n de casarse no existà ­a antes de entrar al paà ­s? Hasta hace poco, eso se garantizaba  siguiendo la regla 30/60 que una norma del Departamento de Estado que el USCIS solà ­a  aplicar en los casos de matrimonios entre extranjeros y ciudadanos americanos y que deberà ­a entenderse asà ­: Cuando se pedà ­a  un ajuste de estatus por matrimonio en los 30 dà ­as siguientes a la llegada del extranjero, se presumà ­a que se estaba actuando de mala fe. En otras palabras, que su intencià ³n fue siempre casarse y que, por lo tanto, no debà ­a concederse la peticià ³n de  ajuste de estatus. Cuando se solicitaba entre el dà ­a 31 y el 60 habà ­a y una fuerte sospecha de que puede haber habido una intencià ³n de contraer matrimonio desde el principio. En esos casos habà ­a que esperar un examen muy exhaustivo del matrimonio y de sus intenciones. Sin embargo, la cantidad de dà ­as ha cambiado recientemente con la Administracià ³n Trump. Segà ºn un comunicado del Departamento de Estado, se considerar salvo raras excepciones que los matrimonios con el objetivo de pedir un ajuste de estatus celebrados en los 90 dà ­as siguientes al ingreso a Estados Unidos son un fraude de ley. Y la consecuencia de ello es que no se aprobar el ajuste de estatus, no se renovar la visa, que podr ser cancelada, no se aprobar ningà ºn cambio de visa y, si el extranjero permanece en Estados Unidos, se convierte en elegible para la deportacià ³n. Este es un cambio importante y muy serio. Es importante entender que no importa que familiares y amigos no tuvieron problemas por este asunto en el pasado. Las reglas han cambiado y lo que importa es lo que se aplica en estos momentos. Segundo: tener claro el proceso de  residencia por matrimonio  y todos los requerimientos.  La tramitacià ³n costa bsicamente de dos partes. Por un lado la peticià ³n per se y por otra el ajuste de estatus. Pero antes de comenzar asegurarse de que se cumplen requerimientos bsicos como, por ejemplo, el de ingresos mà ­nimos para patrocinar. Tercero: es muy importante tener en cuenta que mientras dura este proceso, la estancia del cà ³nyuge extranjero probablemente se encuentre por varios meses no cubierta desde el punto de vista migratorio por una visa o por la ESTA. Es por ello que no se debe salir de Estados Unidos. Lo recomendable es permanecer dentro del paà ­s o bien hasta que reciba la tarjeta de residente o bien un permiso que se conoce como advance parole. Si sale antes o sin esa autorizacià ³n, se arriesga a que cuando quiera regresar se le prohà ­ba la entrada en la frontera de EEUU. Incluso es recomendable consultar con un abogado si conviene salir aà ºn teniendo el advance parole. Cuarto: tener muy claro que en este artà ­culo siempre se habla de matrimonio con un ciudadano americano y nunca del caso de una pareja conformada por extranjero turista y residente permanente. Y es que estos casos son muy diferentes ya que si el turista se queda sin la proteccià ³n legal de la visa o de la ESTA porque permanece en el paà ­s ms tiempo del permitido no va a poder ajustar su estatus y, por lo tanto, no va a poder obtener la residencia dentro de los Estados Unidos. Esta es una gran diferencia desde el punto de vista migratorio. Quinto: tener en cuenta que siempre se habla de turista que ingresà ³ con visa o con ESTA. Nada de lo que dice este artà ­culo aplica a los migrantes que llegaron a los Estados Unidos sin pasar por un control migratorio, es decir, aquellos que ingresaron ilegalmente por la frontera. Estas personas no pueden nunca ajustar su estatus por matrimonio. Sexto: no olvidar que los problemas pueden comenzar en el control migratorio. Es perfectamente posible que el oficial de Inmigracià ³n en la frontera de Estados Unidos (puerto, aeropuerto o frontera terrestre) prohà ­ba la entrada de un extranjero con una visa de turista cuando sospeche que su intencià ³n es venir al paà ­s para casarse. El oficial de Inmigracià ³n siempre tienen una pequeà ±a conversacià ³n con la persona que procesa (y se recomienda no mentir) y  puede llegar a la conclusià ³n de que viene a casarse. Adems, pueden abrir el equipaje y descubrir cosas sospechosas como el traje de novia, regalos, muchà ­simas maletas para un viaje en teorà ­a de sà ³lo un par de semanas, etc. En estos casos, Inmigracià ³n est en su derecho de prohibir la entrada del extranjero, por mucha visa que tenga. Y es que es muy importante entender que para obtener la aprobacià ³n de una visa no inmigrante, como es la de turista, o su renovacià ³n o la garantà ­a de ser admitido al llegar a un control migratorio de los Estados Unidos es necesario ser, en todo momento, elegible para la visa y admisible para ingresar a USA. Estas son  20 causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible  y estas son  22 que la convierten en inadmisible.  ¿Quà © pasa si migracià ³n  no aprueba el ajuste de estatus por matrimonio? Es muy raro que el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) niegue la aprobacià ³n del I-130, es decir, la parte inicial de la tramitacià ³n donde realmente lo à ºnico que se confirma es que el que pide es un ciudadano y est casado legalmente con la persona pedida. Nada ms. El problema surge en ajuste de estatus. Las razones pueden ser muy variadas. Por ejemplo, que se considere que se ingresà ³ a Estados Unidos con la intencià ³n de casarse. Eso puede ser considerado un fraude de ley, ya que implica una mentira cuando se solicità ³ la visa de turista o cuando se cumplimentà ³ la ESTA. Otro problema es cuando se considera que el matrimonio es falso y su à ºnica finalidad es que el cà ³nyuge extranjero obtenga asà ­ los papeles. Esto puede dar lugar a castigos legales, adems de no aprobarse la green card. Finalmente, puede negarse la tarjeta de residencia por cualquiera de estas ms de 40 razones que aplican a todos los casos de solicitudes de residencia. Demoras en la tramitacià ³n de los papeles Aunque las peticiones de green card por matrimonio con ciudadano se encuentran entre las ms rpidas, lo cierto es que pueden demorarse varios meses. Es posible aprender cà ³mo verificarlo. Opciones migratorias para pedir al novio o cà ³nyuge En primer lugar, si la pareja no est casada, el estadounidense puede solicitar una visa de prometido o de novia cuando à ©ste todavà ­a no est en los Estados Unidos y que es  conocida como K-1. Con esta visa podrn entrar al paà ­s los prometidos y los hijos de estos. En los casos en los que un ciudadano est casado con un extranjero y à ©ste est fuera de los Estados Unidos puede pedirlo mediante un I-130 y luego un procedimiento consular o, en casos muy especà ­ficos puede merecer la pena solicitar una visa K-3, pero es recomendable consultarlo con un abogado migratorio. Por à ºltimo, si el ciudadano vive fuera de los Estados Unidos y est casado con un extranjero y deciden mudarse a USA tener en cuenta que pueden surgir problemas a la hora de probar ingresos. Asesorarse antes de iniciar los trmites. Informacià ³n relevante para evitar problemas Para evitar problemas es fundamental estar informado. Este test sobre visas de turista contiene informacià ³n esencial sobre cà ³mo obtenerla y cà ³mo conservarla. Este otro, sobre la autorizacià ³n que se  conoce como ESTA para los ciudadanos de paà ­ses que pueden viajar sin visa. Asimismo, este sobre la tarjeta de residencia permite tener claros puntos fundamentales para obtenerla y para conservarla. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que la informacià ³n de este artà ­culo no aplica a los extranjeros que ingresan ilegalmente en Estados Unidos, ya que no podrà ­an ajustar su estatus por matrimonio con ciudadano. Y en el caso de matrimonio con residente permanente es siempre requisito imprescindible que se està © legalmente en el paà ­s para poder ajustar su estatus. No ser posible tanto si se entrà ³ ilegalmente como si se ingresà ³ con visa y se quedà ³ ms tiempo del permitido. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No constituye consejo legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Political Science - Globalization and Democracy Critical Review Essay

Political Science - Globalization and Democracy Critical Review - Essay Example However, different approaches are used in each article in order to highlight the potential involvement of globalisation in the governance of countries in the international community: in the article of Cerny (1999) globalisation is considered as influencing mostly the democratic regimes. More specifically, in the above article it is made clear that the increase of the power of globalisation in terms of the governance of states has been achieved through the erosion of democracy, as a key political concept. At the same time, the current and the future role of democracy – as a political concept valuable in nation-states worldwide – are clearly explained. On the other hand, in the article of Hirst and Thompson (2002), globalisation is presented as a set of rules which can lead to the establishment of a global governance and a global economic system without necessarily use as a vehicle an existing political or economic framework; i.e. in the above article, no direct link is e stablished between globalisation and existing political systems. The strengths and the weaknesses of the above articles are presented and evaluated below using appropriate literature. Analysis of the strength and weaknesses of the literature Both articles are based on studies related to the issues under discussion; the literature employed in each article should be critically evaluated aiming to identify the relevant strengths and the weaknesses of these articles. Reference should be made primarily to the role of literature review and the tools used for its incorporation within a particular study – as the above issues are highlighted in studies published in the particular field. In accordance with Hall (2008) the literature can have different aims, including ‘the reference to the views and initiatives of others on specific issues and the identification of the key issues in a specific field’ (Hall 2008, p.34); moreover, the above researcher noted that the tradition al literature review is often inadequate to cover the issues discussed in a particular study – in such cases, it is proposed that meta-analysis should be used, exclusively or in combination with the literature review (Hall 2008, p.35) aiming to increase the credibility of a particular study. On the other hand, Fink (2009) notes that the literature review needs to be based on explicit research questions and search strategies (Fink 2009, p.3) – referring probably to the criteria on which the literature review will be based; otherwise, as Fink (2009) explains, the findings of the literature review could lack of credibility or accuracy. From the same point of view, Birley et al. (1998) explain that the word ‘review’ – as part of the term ‘literature review’ – incorporates certain capabilities, such as ‘exploration, analysis, discussion and summary’ (Birley et al. 1998, p.84). Moreover, Henn et al. (2009) note that the us e of a study in the literature part of a paper needs to be fully justified (p.319) – i.e. the relevance and the necessity of this study as part of the literature used in a paper have to be clearly explained by the researcher. In accordance with Hart (2006) it would be important for a researcher to be aware of the elements and the role of positivism and phenomenology –

Ratios Tell A story assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ratios Tell A story assignment - Essay Example However, it is very difficult for one to examine the whole financial statements of a company. Ratio analysis makes it easier for everyone to understand the profitability, solvency, and efficiency position of the firm. Ratio Analysis is a tool used for quantitative analysis of the information from the financial statement of a company. In spite of the advantages, ratio analysis has several drawbacks too. It consider only historical data, the future performance of the company cannot be predicted. It helps to evaluate firm’s financial status on the basis of past and present financial data of a company. In this study, comparisons of ratios have been made on different companies according to their financial indicators. A ratio analysis has been conducted to compare the profitability, solvency and efficiency of Wal-Mart and Safeway. Ratio analysis helps to effective analysis of the financial statement. The financial status of the companies can be easily understood by the help of the r atio analysis. Safeway vs. Wal-Mart Safeway Inc is a supermarket whereas Wal-Mart is general merchandise. Wal-Mart can also be classified as hypermarket. Hypermarkets are similar to big-box stores. The business of hypermarket is decisive on high volume, and low margin of sales. Wal-Mart is a typical supercenter covers around 150,000 square feet to 235,000 square feet area. It is the combination of supermarket and departmental stores, mainly situated in suburban or out of town locations. More than 2 lac brands can found here. Whereas Supermarket is a store based upon self service. It presents a huge range of food and household merchandise, divided into sectors. The range of foods and products are limited here rather than supermarket. There is a huge difference between the inventories of these two companies. It is because Wal-Mart sells more than 2 lac of different type of products whereas Safeway is limited with its narrow range of food and household products. Net PP&E are almost sam e (60%) in case of both the companies, because both of them are involved in retail business. The cash of Safeway is also less than Wal-Mart is due to the size of the business. Wal-Mart is more capable of generating cash in a higher volume to its variety of products. Adobe vs. Hewlett-Packard Adobe Systems Inc. is a software development company and Hewlett-Packard Company is a computer manufacturing company. In a computer manufacturing company, heavy processes are driven for manufacturing new products. The workers are needed to perform a specific task. After the completion of one task the next task can be performed by the next worker. A software development company includes research, development of new product, prototyping, modification, reuse, re-engineering, and maintains of other activities. Hewlett is having fixed assets near about 2 times higher than Adobe. As Hewlett is a manufacturing company it needs more instruments and equipments than Adobe. In case of both short term and L ong term debt, Adobe has none of these two because it is a service based company. It does not need extra money to run its business. In case of Hewlett the value of both short term and long term debt is higher. As the company runs factories, it needs money from outside to run its business. Amazon vs. Consolidated Edison, INC Amazon.Com is an internet retailer and Edison Inc has its business on electric utility. When a

Welcoming and acceptance speech Essay Example for Free

Welcoming and acceptance speech Essay Hello everyone. Good afternoon to all of you. My name is Wana. On behalf of Cherries Tours Id like to welcome you all to Pangkor islands. The boat ride to your resort will take about fifteen minutes. I just want to say some few friendly reminders before we reach our destination. Firstly you must always put your trash in proper disposal and secondly don’t leave your things unattended. I promise to all of you that we are going to enjoy your stay here in Teluk Dalam Beach Resort. For your information Teluk Dalam Beach Resort in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia is made more attractive by Malay-architectural style chalets, bungalows and villas. Paradise by the sea, Teluk Dalam Beach Resort complements the natural beauty of this unspoiled island. You can relax, sit by the beach, enjoy great meals and feel very safe. Actually, Cherries tours offer a variety of special discounts depending on your travel plans. We have snorkeling packages, as well as guided round island trip boat tours, and Fishing Safari. There will be a short information session at 8am in the lobby of the resort tomorrow where you can learn all about these offers. We recommend that you do not purchase packages from street vendors as they are not always 100 percent reliable. They also may charge you more than what they say. Please take my advice and allow Cherries tours to book all of your day trips and activities while you are here. Were going to be pulling up to the resort in just a few mi nutes. Please sit back and enjoy the view of the ocean. I ask that you remain in your seats until we have come to a complete stop. Mr. Kamal will be meeting us at the jetty to help you with your bags. Please double check to make sure your bag has been taken off the boat. On behalf of Cherries Tours, have a wonderful vacation in Pangkor Island and I hope to see you tomorrow at the information session. Thank you. Acceptance speech Danny Thomas once said Success in life has nothing to do with what you gain in life or accomplish for yourself. Its what you do for others. It is such an honored to be recognized as the Volunteer of the Year. Actually, this award not only belongs to me it also belongs to all company’s volunteer that helps the Treasure Care organization. For me, you have all made a difference  in the lives of thousands of children and teens fighting cancer. I’ll admit that when I first signed up to help at a â€Å"we care we serve† event, it was just as an excuse to get out of the office. However, it only took that one volunteer event to show me just how many young people there are in our community who need a role model, someone to inspire them, or just somebody to shoot hoops with them on every Friday. When the first time I saw them, I wished there was no cancer in this world, but we see cancer is all around us and know that it doesnt care who it hits. From that moment, I reali ze as a group member of this organization I must help to put that smile on the faces of those who suffer. I’d like to thank the people at Treasure Care organization for the amazing programs they have for these young people, for all the events they organize, and for sharing so much of themselves with these kids. What you allow people like me to come and do isn’t â€Å"volunteer work†; it’s volunteer fun! Most of all, I’d like to thank my best friend, who’s introduced me about this organization. Getting to know you has changed my life more than you’ll ever know. Lastly, I thank you for your generous time and responses which have helped to make this event a success. â€Å"There Are Ways, To Get There, If You Care Enough, For the Living, Make A Little Space, We is all volunteers and thats what makes this world a better place.

Communism In The U.S. Essay -- Communism Essays

Karl Marx, author of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political and economic theory of Scientific Socialism (modern Communism). Communism, by definition, is the complete control of major resources and the means of production by government, initially in the form of autocracy. In theory, under this system all would be equal; all would share in both work, according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or working class, would revolt against the bourgeoisie, or wealthy capitalist class, because of the stark contrast prevalent between the wealthy and poor. The new economy, run by and for the people, would produce not for profit, but for the needs of the people. Thus, abundance would rule. Marx further predicted this revolution would occur in Western Europe, the most industrialized and capitalist portion of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the late 1920’s up until World War II, the United States went through a period of severe economic depression, also called the â€Å"Great Depression†. Multitudes of Americans everywhere were inadequately clothed, nourished, and sheltered. As hunger and unemployment reached never before seen levels, despair reigned. During these times Labor Union enrollment dramatically increased and Americans were searching for a panacea to their social and economic problems. It was at this time that groups of citizens, jobless and hungry, looked upon Communism favorably. These individuals longed for what seemed to be a utopian society, which they viewed in the USSR, where everyone was employed and cared for. Communist political parties sprung up everywhere, literature and newspapers in support of Communism proliferated. More and more, seeing the success and the promises, the enrollment in Communist parties increased. Members of the American Communist party id ealized the leaders of the USSR, Lenin and Stalin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American politician Joseph McCarthy led a campaign against Communist subversion in the early 1950’s. McCarthy charged several high-ranking officials with subversive activities. Then, as chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations, McCarthy continued inquiry into subversive activities in the U.S. He created much controversy with his allegations, which were more like a modern day political â€Å"witch hunt†. American... ... If people are secure and happy with their lives it is harder to precipitate change than if they are afflicted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only in the U.S., but also worldwide we see this economic philosophy losing its appeal. This can be attributed to technological advancement, which has created an average level of affluence unknown to any previous time. The strength and aid of the non-Communist countries has persuaded developing nations to form capitalist, constitutional governments similar to those in place. Furthermore, in societies where Communism was attempted, there was a large degree of scarcity and inequality, not to mention the coercive nature of the governments attempting Communism. Finally, in all societies where Communism was attempted the preconditions that Marx set forth were not met. For example, Russia was not a largely industrial and capitalist society prior to the attempt at Communism; nor were they a highly intellectual or accomplished society. Rather, the society prior to the attempt was a feudalist government comprised of a Czar, much like a king, and nobility, not a capital ist upper class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Personal Response- Forrest Gump (Film) Essay

This film follows the life of Forest Gump who struggles to live outside the barriers that society has given him. Forrest is a little ‘slow’; although his mental impairment doesn’t seem to bother him. In fact, the naivetà © that comes from his limited understanding of the world around him gives Forrest a uniquely positive perspective of life. Forest overcomes the challenges in his life, becoming a star football player, a war hero, a successful businessman, and something of a pop icon. Through it all, however, there is one defining element in his life: his love for Jenny. She is never far from his thoughts, no matter what he’s doing or where he is. I believe the director uses the character Forrest Gump to convey the thought that most people are too smart for their own good; he uses Forrest in order to show the audience that escaping from the realities and actualities of the world can have positive outcomes throughout life. While other characters in the film struggle with conflicts in society, Forrest remains unaware of them; this allows him to live in the moment. Forrest goes out of his way to do what is right, as opposed to what is easy, I believe that this movie asks me to look at the imperfections within myself and calls me to become a more selfless person. I highly recommend this film to year 12 students, Forrest has an ability to truly humble another human being, and his optimism, freshness, and emotional honesty are just a few qualities that he teaches us throughout the film. The movie does not seek to reduce every member of the audience to tears; it does however have moments where the true power of message comes from the simplest of things. For example, Forrest says to anyone that will listen, â€Å"Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re going to get.† Through this quote we see that Forest is able and  willing to go through life taking every opportunity given to him, I believe the way he sees the world is incredibly unique and that I have benefited from seeing his views of life, in many ways this f ilm has changed my perspective of life and I believe that year 12’s will find this film highly enjoyable and beneficial. I believe an aspect that makes this film beneficial for all year 12 students is that it addresses the perspectives of war. The movie shows the different perspectives of the Vietnamese war, in scenes we see thousands of protesters protesting and in the very next frames we see supporters rallying together and congratulating the returned men. This contrast is highly refreshing, it is not common in movies to show multiple perspectives on war; however the film Forrest Gump manages to show the audience three perspectives. During the 60s and 70s, no topic was of higher debate than that of the Vietnam War and those who were sent overseas to fight. Forrest, as might be expected, has a singular viewpoint on his time spent in Vietnam, he narrated during the film saying, â€Å"We took long walks and were always looking for this guy named Charlie.† In Forrest’s observation of the war we see that although he was fighting willingly, he did not know why or what he was fighting for. I believe that this is the underlying message that the Director is trying to portray, on one side of the line there are those for the War, on the other are those against it and in the middle is Forrest Gump. In many ways Forrest teaches us about governments exploiting its citizens, he was sent to a place where he may have died and yet he did not understand why he was there to begin with, however he did enlist himself for the war. I struggle with the double meanings throughout the movie, we see the positives and the negatives of war through the death of Forrest’s best friend, Bubba, and the medal Forrest receives for saving Lt. Dan. In the end I’m left just as confused about the war as Forrest Gump is about life. I challenge year 12’s to watch this movie, keeping in mind that everything Forrest says means something deeper than the definition of each word that leaves his mouth. I believe that the character Forrest Gump teaches me to treasure the moments in my life and to understand why I’m doing what I’m doing. Especially in scenarios that can affect other people. He is some sort of inspiration to me; this is however not in the usual context. He inspires me to never enter situations  where I do not fully comprehend nor understand the consequences of my actions, he inspires me to never let someone take advantage of me and he inspires me to just simply, be me. Throughout the entire film we see Forest Gump’s tragic life; nearly everyone he holds most dear to him dies. Life can be brutal at times, I found myself crying during the moments when Forrest’s life seemed painfully hard. In some ways I could see that with every loved one that he’d lost a part of him had died with them. I can understand this feeling as my best friend’s father passed away only three years ago this month. As she is growing up, she is realising the disadvantages of not having him with her, knowing that he is not there to teach her how to drive or help her get her first job. I see her pain and I know that there is nothing I can do to stop it, I am powerless. I believe that there is finality in death, however in this film Forrest teaches the audience that a part of us may die with a loved one, but that doesn’t stop life from coming back to us. The underlying message that Forrest has to offer on the subject of death is that you should nev er let heart-break or tragedies take over your life. Forrest accepts that dying is inevitable, â€Å"Momma always said dying was a part of life,† he says. â€Å"I sure wish it wasn’t.† Death occurs not only in Forrest’s personal life, but also in the larger community. This film has a historical setting and we see the main events of the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s through the eyes of Forrest. In this era, death of high valued people within America rocked the foundations of its society; numerous assassinations took place including JFK, RFK and John Lennon. Forrest struggles with the necessity of death as he watches those he loves fall to illness and war and those he admires fall to random attack. During this time the death of Martin Luther King Jr. created the greatest conflict within society and he is still remembered to day for his fight against racism and war. The King family and others believe that the assassination was carried out by a conspiracy involving the US government and that James Ear l Ray was a scapegoat. At the time the thought of this alone was enough to spark a civil war within America, although this was avoided by Senator RFK, who spoke to a crowd directly after being informed of Martin L. King’s passing. In his speech he said, â€Å"I had a member of my family killed, but he was killed by a white man.† RFK’s attempts at avoiding  severe rioting based on race was only semi successful, however his speech is widely considered one of the greatest speeches in American history. King was a beloved leader in the civil rights movement, and also an advocate for nonviolence. His death led some people to feel angry and disillusioned; from his death they began to believe that the only effective resistance to racism is violence. King was used as a martyr, however his cause for non-violence was ignored and he was used as a reason for blacks to shed blood. Dying is a part of life, only two months after RFK said his speech he too was assassinated, this shows that it does not matter who you are or if you are ready to die because in the end death will come for you when your least expecting it . I don’t expect to die anytime soon. But Forrest’s life teaches me that it could happen this moment, while I am writing. Steve Jobs once said â€Å"No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new.† I believe this quote shows that death is inevitable, in the end we all die, we may try to avoid death but it will always come for us one day, it may be tomorrow, it may be in fifty years from now, but it’s coming for us all.

Social Policy on Healthcare: A Comparative Analysis of Germany, Sweden and USA

Introduction This essay aims to examine healthcare policies in the countries of Germany, Sweden and USA. A discussion on how these countries differ in access to healthcare services, funding and how they address health inequalities will be done. The perspectives of convergence and path dependence will be used to examine the healthcare policies. The first part of this brief presents a brief overview of the healthcare policies present in the three countries. The second part will discuss the key concepts and models of social policy on healthcare in these countries. In the third part, the perspective of path dependency and convergence will be used to analyse healthcare policies of the three countries. A conclusion that will summarise the key concepts and issues raised in this essay will be presented at the end. Overview of the Healthcare Policies in Germany, Sweden and USA Healthcare policies in these three countries have significant differences. The World Health Organization (2014) has stressed that access to healthcare services should be equitable. This means that all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic background, religious beliefs, gender and race should receive the same type of care. Equitable distribution of healthcare services ensures that health inequality is addressed. The latter relates to the unfair distribution of healthcare services and health status between different socio-economic groups (Figueras et al., 2008). Those with higher socio-economic status tend to enjoy better health, have lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other chronic and acute conditions (Figueras et al., 2008). In contrast, those in the lower socio-economic status tend to have poorer health status and are more vulnerable to chronic diseases (World Health Organization, 2014). This disparity explains the differences in access to healthcare services in both groups (Blank and Burau, 2007). These observations should be a cause of concern since good health is viewed as a fundamental right for all individuals (Reibling, 2010). Amongst the three countries, the healthcare industry in the US is regarded as the most expensive when compared to the rest of the highly developed capitalist countries (Moody, 2011). However, in terms of child mortality, life expectancy and death due to medical errors, US fares the worst (OECD, 2011, 2009; HDR, 2011). The percent of public funding for healthcare is also the lowest in the US compared to Germany and Sweden. In recent surveys (OECD, 2009, 2008; Adema et al., 2011) public funding for healthcare in the US is only 47.7%. In contrast, the government of Germany spends 76.9% on healthcare while Sweden spends 81.5% (OECD, 2009). Amongst the three countries, the US spends the highest percent of its gross domestic product (GD) as of 2010 for healthcare (OECD, 2011). In 2010, the US spent 17.9% of its GDP on healthcare while Germany allocated 11 .6% and Sweden, 9.6% (OECD, 2011). All these countries exceeded the recommended allocation for healthcare from the country’s GDP (Adema et al., 2011). Access to healthcare service also varies in the three countries. Access to healthcare is universal in Sweden while Germany exemplifies the quasi-universal with compulsory insurance (Baldock, 2011). In contrast to these two countries, there is a low degree of universality in the US and funding is mostly through employers of individuals (Glyn, 2006). There is also a debate on the coverage of healthcare policies in the US especially during the 2008 financial crisis where the government was forced to support healthcare of many poor, unemployed individuals (Moody, 2011). Funding of healthcare service in the US is also employer-based while insurance companies fund health service in Germany (Moody, 2011). In Sweden, taxation supports healthcare service regardless of the socioeconomic background of the individuals. Hence, most hospitals are publicly funded in Sweden while Germany enjoys a private-public partnership. In the US, private hospitals and clinics mostly provide for healthcare servi ce in the country (Greve, 2013). With focus on reducing health inequalities, the US places more importance on the healthcare needs of the poor (Glyn, 2006). Using the gatekeeping model (Greve, 2013), primary healthcare practitioners in the US screen individuals before they could gain access to publicly funded healthcare services. Only those with income levels in the poverty level, have disabilities, have very young children are allowed to access Medicaid (Greve, 2013). In contrast, patients in Sweden are referred to specialists by their general practitioners (GPs) regardless of their socio-economic background (Anell, 2012). However, there is very little gatekeeping in Germany, explaining the rich supply of doctors and specialists (Reibling, 2010). This means that there is no cost-sharing between the patients and the government when accessing healthcare specialists. Social health insurance in Germany follows the concepts of shared responsibility between the individuals and the state in funding and accessing healthcare services (Wahl, 2011). For example, Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) covers majority of the population. Employers and employees share in paying for the SHI (Reibling, 2010). When patients visit GPs and specialists, they also have to pay 10 euros for each doctor visit (Reibling, 2010). Only 10% of the population pays for private health insurance. Since patients have freedom of choice when selecting their providers, this tends to create high expectations for the quality of service offered by doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. However, this create dissatisfaction amongst doctors since their fees are regulated, unlike in the US where doctor fees vary from one state to the other. There is also an observation that doctors in most European countries earn less than their counterparts in the US, fueling dissatisfaction amon gst this group (Rechel et al., 2006). While both countries have rich supply of doctors, the payment scheme for healthcare professionals greatly varies. Similar to Germany, the US has also little gatekeeping for individuals who do not belong to the lower socio-economic status. The latter could choose healthcare providers and specialists according to their preference. Sweden also has a mix of private and publicly owned healthcare facilities. However, the government fund for most healthcare expenditures (Greve, 2011). This means that even when individuals seek care in privately owned facilities, the government pays for healthcare costs. This scheme also benefits the government since this will ease the volume of patients seen in publicly owned healthcare facilities. Since there is competition for healthcare, patients have more choice on the type of healthcare provider they want to access (Kangas and Palme, 2009). All healthcare employees in both public and private-owned healthcare facilities receive salaries while patients share in the healthcare costs (Kangas and Palme, 2009). There is also a ceiling on the costs of medications. Due to the minimal user fee and healthcare cost, healthcare is suggested to be equitable (Kangas and Palme, 2009). However, there is evidence (Brown, 2008) that the long waiting list and disparity in supply and demand derai l timely access to healthcare services in Sweden. Key Concepts and Models of Social Policy in the Three Countries The impact of health and social care policies in countries are often measured by health outcomes. These include incidence of diseases, daily adjusted life years (DALYs) for burden of disease and human development index (HDI) (World Health Organization, 2014). The HDI is a critical measurement of a country’s health status since it has been shown that positive measure of health is intricately linked with human development and economic productivity (OECD, 2011). Amongst the three countries reviewed in this essay, USA ranked the highest in terms of human development followed by Germany and Sweden. The succeeding table summarises the HDI, life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross national income (GNI), GNI per capital rank minus HDI rank and nonincome HDI value in 2011: HDI Rank Human Development Index Value Life expectancy at birth (years) Mean years of schooling (years) Expected years of schooling (years) Gross national income (GNI) per capita (Constant 2005 PPP $) GNI per capita minus HDI rank Nonincome HDI Value United States (rank 4) 0.910 78.5 12.4 16.0 43,017 6 0.931 Germany (rank 9) 0.905 80.4 12.2 15.9 34,854 8 0.940 Sweden (rank 10) 0.904 81.4 11.7 15.7 35,837 4 0.936 Source: OECD, 2011 As shown in the table above, the life expectancy at birth is lowest in the US but high in Germany and Sweden. Better life expectancy in the latter two countries could be due to earlier treatment of childhood diseases (Mackenback and Bakker, 2003). The funding scheme in the US might also account for disparities in healthcare (Mackenback and Bakker, 2003). As opposed to Sweden and Germany, two-third of the population in the US either has private insurance or is covered by their employers. Employed individuals also make personal contributions in addition to employer contribution for their health coverage (Moody, 2011). The scheme employed in the US has important implications in healthcare access. It is shown that approximately 46 million people in the US do not have public or private insurance (Moody, 2011). The number of insured individuals decreases as income also decreases (Moody, 2011). It has been shown that those in higher income quintiles tend perceive better health status as com pared to those in the lower income quintile. The cost of healthcare is also regulated in Germany and Switzerland as opposed to the US where there is very little containment of cost (Blank and Burau, 2007). The concept of equity could be used to explain why there are significant differences in health status in the US. The OECD (2009) emphasise that measurement of equity in health status is focused on mortality and morbidity rate for the individuals. Currently, the OECD determines the health status of a state through its life expectancy at age 65 for the elderly and infant mortality rate for children (OECD, 2008). Both life expectancy and infant mortality rate is generally lower in the US compared to Germany and Sweden (OECD, 2009). This would show that despite having high human development index, the US is lagging behind Germany and Switzerland in terms of healthcare for the elderly and the very young. The OECD (2009) also notes that healthcare administration costs in the US is significantly greater than other OECD countries. Sometimes, the costs are twice as high compared to Sweden and Germany. While doctors in Sweden and Germany have ceiling rates for their healthcare services, doctors in the US charge higher (Moody, 2011). While competition for healthcare services is present in Sweden, the competition in the US has a negative impact since it inflates the cost instead of driving down the cost while maintaining quality of care (Moody, 2011). At present, Medicaid only covers those with disabilities, the elderly, families living in the poverty level and those with very young children (Rosenbaum, 2011). Meanwhile, Obamacare or the Patient Protection and Affordable Act mandate employers to provide for health coverage on their respective employees (Rosenbaum, 2011). Those who are eligible for subsidies would be given government subsidies to pay for their health insurances. Since Obamac are pushes those who are not covered by Medicaid to private insurers, it is expected that this will create competition amongst insurance companies (Rosenbaum, 2011). For instance, these companies might offer more health coverage for a wide range of health conditions at a lesser cost. Companies might also compete on the healthcare providers available to deliver healthcare for the insurers. Path Dependence and Convergence Path dependence suggests that history and institutional context play crucial roles in the development of healthcare policies (Kennett, 2001). Once a healthcare policy, however, is established, it tends to be resistant to changes or when reforms are inevitable, it stays within the boundaries of the original policy. On the other hand, socio-economic changes greatly influence the direction of healthcare policies in the ‘convergence’ perspective (Starke et al., 2008). To illustrate, a number of countries in the European Union tend to follow similar paths in healthcare policies and integrate best practices from each nation. The convergence of healthcare policies is described as ‘positive integration’ (Starke et al., 2008). Since market competition for healthcare services are introduced in the welfare states in Europe, this creates ‘negative integration’ of healthcare policies (Starke et al., 2008). Germany’s healthcare policy tends to follow the path dependence amongst the countries in Europe. Healthcare policies in this country were established as early as the 19th century (Arts and Gelissen, 2010) beginning with the introduction of the social health insurance. Although the complexities of healthcare have increased, little have change on how healthcare service is funded and delivered. The long- standing tradition of corporatism still exists. For instance, governing boards that make decisions or negotiate terms with health care practitioners, the insurers and pharmaceutical industry are all composed of representative employers and employees (Starke et al., 2008). All those sitting in these boards are elected through democratic means. This has been practised for many years and little have changed on how governing boards are convened. On the other hand, subsidiarity is still practiced today Arts and Gelissen, 2002). This means that legislative framework is created or refor med by the government alone. Meanwhile, Sweden also follows the path dependency perspective. Similar to Germany, universal access to healthcare service has been practiced since the post-war period (Arts and Gelissen, 2002). The public through the city councils continue to provide funds for healthcare (Arts and Gelissen, 2010). It should be noted that this practice has been existence since the 19th century. However, there have been criticisms on the healthcare system in Sweden. Foremost amongst this is its struggle to cope up with the increasing demands for healthcare with low supply of healthcare providers (Van Kersbergen and Hemerijck, 2012). The ageing of the population coupled with the complexity of healthcare also pushes the national health services system of Sweden to look for innovations to deliver healthcare at a lesser cost (Van Kersbergen and Hemerijck, 2012). The challenge of meeting all healthcare demands with tighter financial resources might drive the country to look for alternative ways in funding healthcare of the people. Finally, the US exemplifies the ‘convergence’ perspective. Healthcare reforms have increased in the last 20 years with the culmination of Obamacare in recent years. This suggests that healthcare policies in the country are subject to change, depending on the political, economic and social context of healthcare. To illustrate this point, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also known as Obamacare is currently driving more individuals in the country to purchase private insurance. This is a source of conflict in the country since coverage of Medicaid is very restrictive (Rosenbaum, 2011). Medicaid will continue to expand coverage in the succeeding years to include those with mean annual income of 40,000 USD. This suggests that healthcare policies could continue to change until a consensus is reached between the government and healthcare consumers. The perspective of convergence would suggest that countries tend to follow best practices and create policies that co uld respond to current needs. Basing on this perspective, the US is a good example of how it changes its healthcare policy to meet the increasing demands for healthcare. Conclusion Variations in healthcare policies are noted in the countries of Germany, Sweden and the US. While all countries have high HDI, they differ in the life expectancy at age 65 and infant mortality rate. These two indicators are cited by the OECD as measures of how a country exercises equity in healthcare. Sweden and Germany almost have similar life expectancy for the elderly. These countries also differ in public spending for healthcare and access to healthcare services. Sweden has been practicing universal health care since the post-war period while Germany has shifted to quasi-universal in the last decades. The US, through its Medicaid, provides universal access to healthcare services only for those with disabilities, families with very young children or based on need. Those not covered with Medicaid have to purchase their own healthcare insurance or are provided with insurance by their employers. Hence, the US only practices very low universal access to healthcare. Finally, the perspe ctives of ‘path dependence’ and ‘convergence’ are discussed in this essay. Sweden and Germany follow the path dependence perspective while the US demonstrates the convergence perspective. Finally, this brief shows that path dependence healthcare systems are faced with the challenge of providing universal access in the face of tightening budgets. Further, the US has to further expand its Medicaid or make reforms to make healthcare more equitable. References Adema, W. , Fron, P. & Ladaique, M. (2011). Is the European Welfare State really more expensive?: indicators on social spending, 1980-2012; and a manual of the OECD Social expenditure Database (SOCX). Paris: OECD. Arts, W. & Gelissen, J. (2010). ‘Models of the welfare state’. In Casttles, F. (Ed.). The Oxford handbook of the Welfare State, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Arts, W. & Gelissen, J. (2002). ‘3 worlds or more?’., Journal of European Social Policy, 12(2), pp. 137-158. Anell, A. (2012). ‘Sweden: Health system review’. Health Systems in transition, 14(5), pp. 1-159. Baldock, J. (2011). Social policy, social welfare and the welfare state. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Blank, R. & Burau, V. (2007). Comparative health policy. London: Palgrave. Brown, A. (2008). Fishing in Utopia: Sweden and the Future that Disappeared. Sweden: Grant. Figueras, J., McKee, M., Lessof, S., Duran, A. & Menabde, N. (2008). Health systems, health and wealth: Assessing the case for investing in health systems. Denmark: World Health Organization. Glyn, A. (2006). Capitalism unleashed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Greve, B. (2013). Routledge Handbook of the Welfare State. London: Routledge. Greve, B. (2011). ‘The Nordic welfare states-revisited’., Social Policy Administration, 45(2), pp. 111-113. HDR (2011). Human Development and its components [Online]. Available at: www.undp.org (Accessed: 25th March, 2014). Kangas, O. & Palme, J. (2009). ‘The Nordic Experience’. International Journal of Social Welfare, 18(Suppl 1), pp. S62-S72. Kennett, P. (2001). Comparative Social Policy. Open University: Open University Press. Mackenback, J. & Bakker, M. (2003) ‘European network on interventions and policies to reduce inequalities in health. Tackling socioeconomic inequalities in health: an analysis of recent European experiences’. Lancet, 362, pp. 1409-1414. Moody, K. (2011). ‘Capitalist care: Will the coalition government’s ‘reforms’ move the NHS further toward a US-style healthcare market?’. Capital and Class, 35(3), pp. 415-434. OECD (2011). Human Development Index and its components. Europe: OECD. OECD (2009). Society at a Glance 2009: OECD Social Indicators. Europe: OECD. OECD (2008). Are we growing unequal[Online]. Available at: www.oecd.org (Accessed: 25th March, 2014). Rechel, B., Dubois, C. & McKee, M. (eds) (2006). The health care workforce in Europe. Learning from experience. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press. Reibling, N. (2010). ‘Healthcare systems in Europe: towards an incorporation of patient access’, Journal of European Policy, 20(1), pp. 5-18. Rosenbaum, S. (2011). ‘The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice’. Public Health Reports, 128(1), pp. 130-135. Starke, P., Obginer, H. & Castles, F. (2008) ‘Convergence towards where: in what ways, if any, are welfare states becoming more similar?’. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(7), pp. 975-1000. Van Kersbergen, K. & Hemerijck, A. (2012). ‘Two decades of change in Europe: The emergence of the social investment state’. Journal of Social Policy. 41(3), pp. 475-492. Wahl, A. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Welfare State. London: Pluto Press. World Health Organization (2014). Health Systems: Equity [Online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/equity/en/ (Accessed: 25th March, 2014).

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Concepts of Leadership LEADERSHIP CONCEPTS Leadership is universally reviewed and defined by numerous authors and originators. Leaders have the ability to inspire and influence others in a team and encourage them to perform effectively towards organizational goals. Mullins explained, Leadership is the relationship through which one person influences the behavior or action of other people (Mullins 2010:373). Leaders in the modern age conceive an ambiance that motivates the skills and develop receptivity of learning among the team members and initialize steps to participate in human resources and financial performances. Gary yukl believed that Leaders should have a crystal clear vision before motivating the team members towards cultural change in the organization (Gary yukl 2010:308). An inspired vision is cardinal to accumulate hold from the team members and outsiders. Leadership is about generating a specific vision which stands out and in this modern world. ¹ In addition Leadership is not about leaders, it is about the functions of leaders. Leaders could be effective, if the three areas of needs are satisfied within the work ². The achievement of the leader can be extemporizing by fulfilling the following three needs (Mullins 2010:378): Task needs; Team maintenance needs; Individual needs. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Three_circles.png Source: Adair ,Action centered Leadership. John Adair model of Action-centered leadership induces to understand the relationship between the leader and team. It benefits the organization to complete the tasks before the targeted time and attain companys goals. The traditional role of Action-centered leader is to monitor and control the activities of group and leaders should serve as an advisor and consultant ³. It gives attention not only for the functional aspects but also the behavioral aspects of leadership. CONCLUSION: I personally feel this model to be more effective considered to other types of model. It is because; this model balances both Individual needs and Team satisfaction. This model serves as an example to demonstrate the relationship between the management and Leader. Therefore, Action centered model of leadership is preferred for any kind of organization to produce effective results. Reference: Laurie J.Mullins (2010) Nineth Edition edn. Management Organisational Behavior. Italy: Prentice Hall wikipedia (n. d.) Functional Leadership model [online] available from [20/03/11] Gary Yukl (2010) Seventh edition edn. Leadership in Organisation. New jersey: Prentice Hall Lyman W. porte, Harold l. angle, Robert W.Allen Second editon. Organisational Influence process CURRENT LEADERSHIP RESEARCH: In todays present situation, Power aspect occupies a vital role in the current stage of leadership environment. Traditionally, Leadership is connected with Power aspect and infers to control, co-ordinate and influence them towards succeeding the organization goals or economy. Power is identified as the capacity of one person to inspire another person (YUKL 2010:199). Power is the ability of one, who influences the behavior and attitude of other people ¹. Leadership style varies in relation with each Leader. It is identified as the way Leaders perform and behave in the organization towards subordinates. According to French and Raven, there are five significant types of power (Mullins 2010:397), Reward power is grounded on the approach of his/her employer and capability to abide by the regulations of the organization. It can develop a source of influence towards leader ². This will assist organization in achieving its goals and perspectives. One of the finest instances for this power is GOOGLE, where employers are given freedom of innovative action and praised for innovations. Coercive power is borne with associates who have the power to punish subordinates for not completing the desired role. It is being hinged on subordinates conception that Leader charge, if the directives are not compiled with. This power is related Authoritative style is leadership. For Instance: I have personally faced in my workplace for not attending the group meetings and I was been warned by the high level authorities. Legitimate power defines that he/she in a position to imply authority over the subordinates and make them to follow the directives. This power is usually dealt with the level of position they are placed. Higher the position, Greater the power ³ For Instance: In Indian Police academy, CBI has higher power than any police officer. Expert power is basically identified as the expertise which the leader naturally or practically possesses. This category is radically narrowed and exclusive knowledge will remain continuously within the leader. They dont make inconsistent and restless decisions and they even act confidently (Gary Yukl 2010:209). Referent power is the capacity of an individual to influence admiration and apperceive attractiveness. It is depicted with personal characteristics, charisma and strong loyalty towards them. It is considered among one of the five social powers. For Instance: Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are the best examples of referent power. They both have the attractiveness to extract peoples attention. They fall under the category of Charismatic Leadership Style. C:UsersMuthuRamanDesktoppowerpoints.png Source: (hakunamatatajumbojumbo.blogspot.com) References: Laurie J.Mullins (2010) Nineth Edition edn. Management Organisational Behavior. Italy: Prentice Hall Power [online] available from http://www.strom.clemson.edu/becker/prtm320/notes/power320.pdf> [20/03/2011] Power and its types [online] available from http://www.hrbartender.com/2010/training/7-types-of-power-in-the-workplace/> [25/03/2011] Gary Yukl (2010) Seventh edition edn. Leadership in Organisation. New jersey: Prentice Hall. LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR The path goal theory: According to GREAT MAN THEORY Leaders are born and not made. In the changing world, Leaders are rarely born and many leaders are situational type of leaders. Leaders do not have the inherent capabilities to lead a team or society. One has to develop his/her skills to control a group of people. Many leaders are now situational and apply practical concepts to solve problems I prefer this type of behavior since it could be helpful to tackle situations physically and psychologically and even financially. The path goal theory of leadership was discovered to examine the behavior of a leader. Initially Evans (1970) covered only two types of behavior namely supportive and Directive Leadership. (Mullins 2010:388) Later, House and Mitchell (1971) added upon two more behaviors called Participative and Achievement behavior. (Gary Yukl 2010:169). The directive leader behavior exemplify to situations where the leaders monitor followers and allows them to perform their specified tasks and direct them to abide by the rules and regulations. This leadership behavior is similar to Ohio State University Studies. Feedback: I had experienced this type of leadership behavior when I was working in one of the Leather Company in INDIA.I was fresh to the Industry and I had no idea about the process and procedures. The team manager used to discuss the dated targets should be achieved? When should be the purchase made? Etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦But there was no opinions directed from the manager like how to achieve it? How to hit the target? There was a lack of communication between the leader and subordinates. The Supportive leader behavior indulges an accessible way and friendly manner and concentrates immense concern for the welfare and necessities of the subordinates. This behavior is helpful in stressful situation and when the tasks are given psychological manner. The Participative Leader behavior means taking into account about the views and opinions of subordinates before the task is performed or completed. Feedback: My colleagues were so supportive when I was preparing for debate on OFFLINE MARKETING. This behavior was very helpful in identifying the lack of communication skill in me and team members were so cooperative and understanding. The Achievement-oriented Leader behavior indulges in implying organizational goals to extract better performances and higher confidence from subordinates. Feedback: When I used to work in HDFC, Team leaders used to throw up various packages; if the particular allotted amounts of products are sold they will be taken a free trip to Maldives. I banged highest amount of commission in the year for successfully completing the 50000+ target worth of Insurance products within targeted dates. All these types of behavior can be felt or experienced in different situations by same person. Leaders use any of the above mentioned behavior to induce followers and to attract them. References: Gary Yukl (2010) Seventh edition edn. Leadership in Organisation. New jersey: Prentice Hall University of Exeter (n. d.) The rewiew of Leadership Theories and framework [online] available from http://centres.exeter.ac.uk/cls/documents/mgmt_standards.pdf [24/03/2011] Path goal theory of Leadership [online] available from http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/styles/path_goal_leadership.htm [25/03/2011] The five practices of Exemplary Leadership [online] available from http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/83/07879567/0787956783.pdf [24/03/2011] What does it mean to lead? [online] available from http://www.russellconsultinginc.com/docs/Leadership.htm [24/03/2011] HOW TO OVERCOME KEY TENSION OF A LEADER? Leadership is gaining vital role over management success. As we have critically analyzed the leadership concepts, behaviors and about how leaders fondle powers using different styles, we get into the key tensions of leaders and how the leader can overcome using the prominent five practices of exemplary leadership: Model the way Inspire a shared vision Challenge the process Enable others to act Encourage the heart If the leaders are to be effective the above practices are to be experienced. For Instance, Mahatma Gandhi is one of the prominent and significant leaders in India and is called as Father of Nation. He played a key role in attaining freedom with his clear vision and confidence on the people. The main purpose of the freedom struggle was to gain freedom from British government for Indian people. What made Gandhi to stand out? His approach towards pertaining freedom and his leadership skills made people to follow him. His behavior style towards the people was very supportive and participative. His vision was much focused and he led the people of the country towards Non Violence concept. This makes him transformational leader and charismatic leader. Leader-member exchange theory (LMX) explains leader should have an exchange relationship with followers to establish participation and infer commitment towards freedom.(Gary Yukl 2010) President Barack Obama says Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration. Exemplary leaders enable all members to act together. Victor Vroom and Lyman porter says The relationship between motivation and performance is moderated by the amount of freedom to act (John Miner 2010:97). Finally, Gandhi overcame all the issues with the help of exemplary leadership practices and expectancy motivational theories.